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The word "aikido" is made up of three Japanese characters: AI - harmony, KI - spirit, mind, or universal energy, DO - the Way, and can be translated as "the Way of Harmony with the Spirit". Aikido is a modern Japanese Budo ("Martial Way"), based on techniques of self-defence from centuries-old traditions. It was created by Morihei Ueshiba (1883-1969), known as O-Sensei, or "great teacher". The principle of aiki (harmonisation of spirit), can be understood as meeting an attacker on their own terms, rather than aggressively opposing them, while at the same time not losing one's own physical or mental equilibrium.
Aikido techniques consist of unarmed self-defence against various armed or unarmed attacks. The attacker is either immobilised through joint locks or thrown to a safe distance. Ukemi, or the practice of receiving, is a vital part of Aikido training, and is practised both as rolling and falling exercises and as part of regular Aikido training with a partner. Although the techniques can be very effective and powerful, and include some painful joint locks, they are designed to work through breaking the balance of the partner, rather than damaging their body.
Aikido focuses not on punching or kicking opponents, but rather on using their own energy to gain control of them or to throw them away from you. It is not a static art, but places great emphasis on motion and the dynamics of movement.
With the principles of relaxation and the use of spherical movement instead of physical force, Aikido does not demand great physical strength or fitness. However, the natural movements of Aikido lead to a flexible and healthy body, and many people experience a pleasant feeling of well-being during and after classes. Training is generally conducted in a cooperative, rather than competitive, manner, and injuries are rare. There are no tournaments in Aikido, and it is suitable for people of all ages and constitutions.
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